il 1β  (Boster Bio)

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Effective analysis of neurotoxicity and mechanisms of dioctyl terephthalate using network toxicology

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2026.1783807

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo validation of DOTP-induced neurotoxicity, behavioral deficits, and molecular mechanism dysregulation in mice. (A,B) Representative H&E staining of brain tissue from the CON (A) and DOTP-exposed (B) groups; green arrows indicate irregular, condensed-nucleus neurons. (C,D) Representative Nissl staining from the CON (C) and DOTP-exposed (D) groups; green arrows denote morphologically abnormal neurons with chromatolysis (scale bar = 20 μm). (E,F) Representative locomotor trajectories in the open-field test (OFT). (G,H) Quantification of total distance (G) and mean speed (H) in the OFT. (I) Relative ROS content in brain tissues. (J,K) Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β (J) and TNF- α (K) measured by ELISA. (L) Western blot analysis of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-EGFR, EGFR, Cleaved-Caspase 3, and β-actin. (M–O) Quantitative analysis of relative protein levels for Cleaved-Caspase 3/β-actin (M) , p-mTOR/mTOR (N) , and p-EGFR/EGFR (O) . Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 6 per group). **** p < 0.0001 compared to the CON group.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) in the supernatants were measured using specific ELISA kits (EK0394, Boster, China; E-EL-M3063, Elabscience, China) following the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: In Vivo, Biomarker Discovery, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Recombinant SARS-Cov-2 spike protein S1 subunit upregulates P2 × 7-NLRP3 leading to macrophage pyroptosis promoting acute lung injury

doi: 10.1186/s12931-026-03513-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanistic diagram of pyroptosis Priming signals: pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host-derived danger signaling molecules (DAMPs) activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and the NF-κB pathway is activated, which allows the transcriptional expression of NLRP3 and inflammatory factor precursors. Activation signal: Potassium efflux caused by ATP binding to purinergic receptor P2 × 7 activates NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 , ASC and Caspase-1 assemble to form the NLRP3 inflammasome and activate Caspase-1 . Activated Caspase-1 clears pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 precursors to convert them into mature functional proteins. In addition, activated Caspase-1 can also cleave GSDMD , and the GSDMD-NT will form a channel in the host cell membrane leading to the release of cytosolic contents

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1β ELISA kit (Boster, Catalog # EK0394) and mouse IL-18 ELISA kit (Beyotime, Catalog # PI553) were used to measure IL-1β and IL-18 in the mouse BALF.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Functional Assay, Membrane

Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Recombinant SARS-Cov-2 spike protein S1 subunit upregulates P2 × 7-NLRP3 leading to macrophage pyroptosis promoting acute lung injury

doi: 10.1186/s12931-026-03513-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of MCC950 intervention on lung histopathology, pulmonary edema, tight junction protein expression, NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT and inflammatory factors in lung tissue, and IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF of the K18-hACE2 mice. A HE staining of mouse lung tissues (magnification × 200; scale bar, 50 μm; magnification × 400; scale bar, 20 μm); ( B ) pathological damage score of mouse lung tissues; ( C ) lung coefficients of mouse lung tissues; ( D ) total protein concentration of mouse BALF. All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. n = 6. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group. E Western blot for the expression of tight junction proteins in mouse lung tissues; ( F ) Comparison of gray scale values of ZO-1 in each group; ( G ) Comparison of gray scale values of Occludin in each group; ( H ) Comparison of gray scale values of Claudin5 in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group; ( I ) Western blot detection of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT , and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the lung tissues of mice; ( J - P ) Quantification of relative protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT , and the inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the various groups; ( Q ) Immunofluorescent imaging to detect the expression level of expression levels of ASC in lung tissues of mice in each group (magnification × 400; scale bar = 20 μm); ( R ) Protein levels of IL-1β in lung tissues of mice in each group were analyzed by Immunofluorescence imaging. (magnification × 400; scale bar = 20 μm). Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group. Effect of MCC950 intervention on IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF of mice in each group; ( S ) Elisa assay for inflammatory factor IL-1β in BALF of mice in each group; ( T ) Elisa assay for inflammatory factor IL-18 in BALF of mice in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1β ELISA kit (Boster, Catalog # EK0394) and mouse IL-18 ELISA kit (Beyotime, Catalog # PI553) were used to measure IL-1β and IL-18 in the mouse BALF.

Techniques: Histopathology, Expressing, Staining, Protein Concentration, Standard Deviation, Control, Western Blot, Comparison, Imaging, Immunofluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Recombinant SARS-Cov-2 spike protein S1 subunit upregulates P2 × 7-NLRP3 leading to macrophage pyroptosis promoting acute lung injury

doi: 10.1186/s12931-026-03513-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of A438079 intervention on NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT and inflammatory factors in lung tissue, and IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF of the K18-hACE2 mice. A Western blot detection of the expression of purinergic receptor P2 × 7 , NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT , and inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the lung tissues of mice; ( B - I ) Comparison of the gray values of purinergic receptor P2 × 7 , NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in each group; ( J ) Immunofluorescence imaging to detect the expression level of ASC in the lung tissues of mice in each group (magnification × 400; scale bar = 20 μm); ( K ) Immunofluorescence imaging to detect the expression level of IL-1β in the lung tissues of mice in each group (magnification × 400; scale bar = 20 μm). Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group; ( L ) Elisa assay for inflammatory factor IL-1β in BALF of mice in each group; ( M ) Elisa assay for inflammatory factor IL-18 in BALF of mice in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1β ELISA kit (Boster, Catalog # EK0394) and mouse IL-18 ELISA kit (Beyotime, Catalog # PI553) were used to measure IL-1β and IL-18 in the mouse BALF.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Comparison, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Respiratory Research

Article Title: Recombinant SARS-Cov-2 spike protein S1 subunit upregulates P2 × 7-NLRP3 leading to macrophage pyroptosis promoting acute lung injury

doi: 10.1186/s12931-026-03513-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of NLRP3 , GSDMD-NT and inflammatory factors in cells. A Western blot detection of the expression of purinergic receptor P2 × 7 , NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT , and inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in cells; ( B - I ) The purinergic receptor P2 × 7 , NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein, GSDMD-NT , and inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in each group. Gray scale values were compared. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. S1SP group

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1β ELISA kit (Boster, Catalog # EK0394) and mouse IL-18 ELISA kit (Beyotime, Catalog # PI553) were used to measure IL-1β and IL-18 in the mouse BALF.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control